In order to summarize the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and syndrome elements in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The studies related to TCM syndromes in patients with CKD were searched for in CNKI, WANFANG DATA, VIP, SinoMed, Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library from the inception dates to August 21th, 2024, and extracted the relevant information. WPS Excel was used to count the frequency of basic characteristics, syndrome types, and syndrome elements in the literature for establishing a database. The distribution characteristics of syndrome elements were explored by association rule analysis and systematic clustering techniques within data mining. The results show that a total of 126 articles are enrolled, including 45 382 patients with CKD. There are 129 TCM syndrome types and 37 syndrome elements (23 disease nature elements and 14 disease location elements). There are 7 syndrome element combinations types. The 6 common TCM syndrome types of CKD with a composition ratio ≥5% are spleen and kidney qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, damp-heat syndrome, damp turbidity syndrome, qi and yin deficiency syndrome, and spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome. Disease nature elements: 16 substantial and 7 insubstantial syndrome elements are included. The 6 disease nature elements with a composition ratio ≥5% are qi deficiency, dampness, yin deficiency, blood stasis, heat, yang deficiency. There are 61 syndrome element combinations types of disease nature elements, with 7 combinations with a composition ratio ≥5%, which are: qi deficiency, blood stasis, dampness + heat, yang deficiency, dampness, yin deficiency, and a combination of qi deficiency + yin deficiency. Disease location elements: the 3 disease location elements with a composition ratio ≥5% are kidney, spleen, and liver. There are 23 syndrome element combinations types with a composition ratio ≥5% are spleen + kidney, kidney, liver + kidney. Syndrome element combinations types: one, two, three, four, five, six, and seven syndrome elements are included, with the two-syndrome element combinations being the most common (46.36%). Correlation analysis indicates that the support for the spleen-stomach is the highest, with the highest confidence in spleen-dampness-heat, meridians-tendons and bones, spleen-fluid retention-qi deficiency, and spleen-stomach-dampness. There are 4 clusters group can be obtained results of the system clustering analysis. It is concluded that the TCM syndromes of CKD is deficienc-excess complex. Spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome is the most common syndrome in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main disease location of CKD are kidney, spleen, and liver. Qi deficiency, dampness, yin deficiency, blood stasis, heat, and yang deficiency are common disease nature elements.