Scientific and technological innovation and science popularization are the two wings of innovative development. The connotation of science popularization has evolved continuously with economic and social development. This paper traces the evolution of the connotation of science popularization from "one aspect" to "three aspects" and then to "four aspects". In response to the requirements of building China into a scientific and technological powerhouse, it proposes incorporating "scientific culture" into a new "five-aspect" framework for science popularization in the new era. This framework encompasses the popularization of scientific and technological knowledge, the advocacy of scientific methods, the dissemination of scientific ideas, the promotion of the scientific spirit, and the cultivation of scientific culture. The paper defines the connotation of scientific culture from the perspective of science popularization, clarifies the internal logic linking scientific culture and science popularization, and explains the theoretical and practical value of the five-aspect framework. It also explores pathways for cultivating scientific culture within this framework in the areas of philosophy, policy, and methodology. The aim is to improve the theoretical system of science popularization with Chinese characteristics, promote the high-quality development of science popularization in the new era, and enable science popularization to make a greater contribution to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

"Four Aspects of Science Popularization"  /  "Five Aspects of Science Popularization"  /  scientific culture  /  connotation of science popularization  /  scientific and technological innovation