In this paper, a questionnaire survey is used to study the understanding of the nature of science. This research mainly uses the scientific nature measurement scale made by oneself, and has made a survey on the undergraduate and graduate students of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results show that the subjects have some understanding of the nature of science, but not ideal. There are quite a number of students who understand the nature of science from the logical positivism view. The students are permeated with scientism thoughts when it comes to understanding science. The students lack a knowledge of scientific professional ethics. Differences in gender, grade, subject categories, and work experience have significant differences in the cognition of the essence of science. On the basis of this, this paper analyzes the possible influencing factors of the present situation of the scientific nature of the subjects: the traditional science education, the science communication of the media and the study of the related courses.