Both the new era of human development and China’s development have put forward new requirements for the civic scientific literacy, which endows the national scientific literacy action plan with a new mission. Based on an in-depth analysis of the important characteristics of the new era and the new requirements for the civic scientific literacy, this paper makes a systematic review of this concept from three aspects, including the content expansion, the structural adjustment, and the focus shift. The concept of the civic scientific literacy in the new era should be moderately expanded from “science” to “science and technology”. The literacy of science culture and innovative culture should be included in the concept dimensions of the civic scientific literacy. The focus of improving civic scientific literacy should be further shifted to the “ability” that reflects the characteristics and requirements of the new era. Further, this paper discusses new ideas and new measures for improving the assessment system and service system of civic scientific literacy, proposing that a new “benchmark system” should be established to meet the requirements of the new era. In addition, the continuous advancement of incentives and the corresponding evaluation methods should also be improved. More importantly, a multi-level and multi-type “target-path” linkage service system and action system should be established.