After consulting the representatives of international science organizations following the “four-stage methodology”, the expert team of PISA science pointed out the direction of PISA 2025 science literacy assessment framework: to further enrich and expand the dimensions of scientific knowledge and scientific competencies, and to add a new dimension of “scientific identity”. Scientific knowledge emphasizes interdisciplinary integration. Scientific competencies focus on the needs of social decision-making. Scientific identity lays the foundation for students’ learning achievement. There are some science education reform proposes for the new digital natives generation: students’ learning ways in the digital age should be attached great importance, the function and value of scientific knowledge and its building process should be paid close attention, and identity literacy beside science should be taken into account.

PISA  /  science literacy  /  scientific identity  /  science education