Based on the DIIS framework and the theory of communication effect, this paper proposed a theoretical model of the effect path of science communication on the cognition (reputation, association, perceived quality, trust)- attitude (satisfaction)- behavior (loyalty) of college students on scientific research institutions. Taking Chinese Academy of Sciences as an example, a questionnaire survey was adopted to collect data and a structural equation model was established to verify the theoretical model. The results showed that science communication has significant positive effects on the behavior of college students through four effect paths. According to their effect, from strong to weak, they are “science communication, perceived quality, satisfaction, loyalty”, “science communication, trust, satisfaction, loyalty”, “science communication, association, loyalty”, “science communication, association, satisfaction, loyalty”.