The philosophy “strengthening China by traditional Chinese values and modern western science and technology” initiated during Westernization movement suffered a complete failure in the Sino-Japanese War during 1894—1895. Science, as a weapon of ideological innovation, was beginning to gain the general consensus by the intellectual class. Yan Fu, by translating Evolution and Ethics into Chinese, inspired the study of scientific methods. Under the enlightenment of “Scientific method”, “induction” and “deductive method”, Liang Qichao began to be aware that the spirit of positivism and skepticism found its root in western modernity, which enriched the theory of his “New-human”. The idea of scientific monism and the idea of scientific utilitarianism began to sprout. While Lu Xun was deeply influenced by Liang Qichao's New-human's thoughts, he devoted himself to scientific practice, helping him incubate scientific values different from Liang Qichao's. He believed that the western modernity was the birth of the combination of science and art, and the purpose of the remoulding of National Character was to cultivate an independent individual embracing the freedom of thought, which was called “Li Ren” theory. The thought of “Li Ren” directly pushed the New Culture Movement far and deep. This paper focuses on the complex process of how the western scientific method was introduced in China during the late Qing Dynasty by Liang Qichao and Lu Xun's scientific papers, and how the western scientific method prepared ideas for the New Culture Movement.

induction  /  deductive  /  Liang Qichao  /  Lu Xun  /  national character's remolding