Science popularization short video creators play an important role in achieving high-quality development of science popularization and boosting the construction of Chinese modernization，while the role conflict aroused by the increasingly surging new technologies represented by AI makes them fall into different levels of role dilemmas. This study takes the Social Role Theory as the perspective，analyzes the specific manifestations of role conflicts among science popularization short video creators from both internal and external aspects of their roles，and further reveals the underlying causes that lead them to be trapped in“role conflicts”. To overcome the dilemma，science popularization short video creators should establish a correct view of science and technology，always adhering to the subjectivity of human beings in creation，returning to the essence of“content first”creation，and rationally use new technologies to empower creation and connect with a wider public group to create value under the guidance of laws，regulations，and industry norms. Only in this way can they maintain the vitality of their own role in the baptism of the times.