Universities are not only the main positions for cultivating scientific and technological innovation talents，but also shoulder the important mission of improving the scientific literacy of college students. The science and technology general education curriculum is an important vehicle for universities to fulfill their responsibility of popularizing science and achieving the goal of educating people. The revision and implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology has further provided clear requirements and guidance for the science and technology general education curriculum in universities. In this context，based on the interpretation of the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology and the analysis of 10 representative colleges and universities in China，it was found that there were the following problems in the construction of the science and technology general education curriculum in Chinese universities：the positioning of the curriculum was not clear enough，the function of popularising science had not been sufficiently highlighted，and the targets for scientific literacy were not precisely defined；module settings were inconsistent，curriculum types tended to be homogeneous，and a pronounced tendency towards knowledge-centric course content was evident; teaching methods were somewhat uniform，and teaching resources were somewhat scarce；insufficient attention was paid to the evaluation of the learning process，course quality monitoring and management were relatively weak，and there was an insufficient response to the development needs of students. In order to better respond to the requirements of the current science and technology policy and the educational needs of the development of the times，Chinese universities should enhance the science popularisation function of science and technology general education curriculum，establish multi-dimensional course objectives aimed at enhancing students’scientific literacy；reinforce the responsibility for science popularization，enhance the overall planning and optimize the structure of the categories of science and technology general education curriculum；concentrate on scientific concepts and perspectives with universal value，and promote the integration of science and technology curriculum content，the diversification of teaching methods and the diversification of learning evaluation methods; enhance the management，monitoring，and support for science and technology general education curriculum，and effectively reflect the unique function of science and technology general courses to enhance the scientific literacy of college students.