This study focuses on short videos on gender health science popularization, taking the account “Cheese Unknotting” as an example to reveal the influencing factors and mechanisms of young users’ information adoption behavior. Through in-depth interviews with young users and members of the creative team of this account, the thematic analysis method was employed to code the interview data, identifying five core themes: new media operation, gender health cognition, content quality, perceived value, and external environment. These correspond to the four stages of information awareness, belief confirmation, attitude change, and behavior adoption in the health communication process, leading to the construction of a gender health science popularization information adoption model. In this model, new media operation plays a driving role in the initial stage of information adoption, while gender health cognition and content quality together form the foundation for identifying with gender health concepts. Perceived value promotes attitude change before information adoption, and the external environment interacts with gender health cognition in a mutually regulating manner. It is recommended to build a tripartite collaborative ecosystem for gender health science popularization involving short video platforms, families, and schools, systematically addressing the cognitive gaps among young people. This study contributes to exploring the cognitive perceptions and adoption intentions of individuals of marriageable and childbearing age regarding gender health, promoting the dissemination of gender health knowledge, and enhancing gender relations and social harmony.