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The national science popularization system and the construction of national science popularization capacity are of great significance for continuously improving the scientific literacy of the entire population，achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self- improvement，meeting the people’s ever-growing demand for scientific life，and comprehensively building a strong country in science and technology. This article explores the conceptual connotations of the national science popularization system and national science popularization capacity from the meta-concepts of“system”and“capability”. That is，the national science popularization system and national science popularization capacity are a concentrated reflection of a country’s entire set of systematic arrangements and comprehensive strength regarding science popularization. From the perspective of“structure-function”，this article systematically examines the diverse logical relationships between the two. The national science popularization system is the front-end structural construction，while the national science popularization capacity is the post-functional embodiment. The two are composed of a closely coordinated and functionally embedded complementary relationship. Based on this institutionalized logical approach，a set of efficiency improvement paths is proposed，including policies on science popularization，subjects of science popularization，diverse safeguard mechanisms for science popularization investment，management mechanisms combining supervision and incentives，and international science popularization exchange mechanisms.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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