In recent years，international open science policies have exhibited a marked shift toward citizen science. Understanding and advancing citizen science within the framework of open science policies are pivotal for fostering collaborative sharing and co-creation between science and society. This study employs a policy tool framework to analyze international open science policy texts，exploring policy designs across various types of institutions and offering relevant policy recommendations. The findings reveal that international open science policies have shifted their primary focus from traditional science popularization to active citizen science participation. Additionally，different types of institutions exhibit notable variations in their policy tool structures and specific policy designs. The study suggests that China could draw on international experiences when formulating future policies related to science and science popularization. This includes integrating open science and citizen science into policy design，reshaping research culture and the concept of science popularization，reforming research funding and evaluation systems，developing public service platforms，exploring new models of collaboration between science and society，fostering collaborative skills on both sides，and incorporating societal engagement throughout the entire research lifecycle. These measures aim to jointly advance collaborative sharing and co-creation between the scientific community and society.