Good governance in the digital society requires the enhancement of citizens’ digital literacy and skills, a re-examination of citizens’ data rights in the “big data era” and a restructuring of the digital ethical order in the digital society. Digital literacy and skills are intrinsic requirements for citizens’ digital survival in a digital society. At present, the world is facing a serious “digital divide”, and the average level of digital literacy among citizens in China is not high, so it is necessary to strengthen popular education and publicity in the future to steadily improve digital literacy and skills of all citizens in China. Citizens are deeply embedded in the production process of “big data”, and the transfer of rights has become a source of risk, and “data hegemony” has become a serious challenge to citizens’ data rights, and it is necessary to continuously protect citizens’ data rights through the enlightenment of ideas and the creation of institutions in the future. The healthy development and sound governance of the digital society require a rethinking of traditional social values and norms of behavior, and the establishment of a governance mechanism and system that includes the participation of multiple actors to jointly shape a new ethical order for digital technology.