This paper studied the adjustments of the policy of science popularization based on the background of technological revolution from 1958 to 1961. The author argued that the following elements affected the adjustment of science popularization policy during that period: the general requirement of socialist construction, the technological revolution, the statement of “fully integrate the efforts of improving the standard of technology and popularizing the knowledge”, and the speech of Nie Rongzhen about carrying out the mass line in scientific practice. Hence “walking on two legs” became the important principles guiding popularizing science work over a period of time. With the adjustment of the general government policy, the policy of popularizing science returned to the track of paying attention to both academics and popularization. Review the history of this period has dramatic significance on how to understand the relationship between science popularization and scientific research, and how to formulate science popularization policy to serve the central policy while taking the characteristics of specific discipline into consideration.

technological revolution  /  science popularization  /  two-legged walk