Agricultural credit is an important driving force for the economic development of pastoral areas, and the lending behavior is also very common among the herdsmen. Some herdsmen even repay the loans by means of “borrowing the new and returning the old”. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the heterogeneous impact of agricultural credit on the income increase of the herdsmen. Using the survey data of pastoral farmers covering the four cities of Inner Mongolia in 2020, the two stage of least squares (2 SLS) was used to test the heterogeneous effect of agricultural credit on animal husbandry. The results show that the promotion effect of agricultural credit on the net income of pastoral households is relatively significant, mainly acting on livestock income and non-livestock income. There is obvious heterogeneity in the income effect of agricultural credit in pastoral households with different micro characteristics. It is better income effect of pastoral credit with higher income level, higher income effect of pastoral credit with rich human capital, and higher income effect of credit in pastoral households with short feeding time is more effective. In the results of the mediation effect analysis, agricultural credit can affect the livestock size of pastoral households and thus affect their income. In view of the above results, suggestions are put forward for further improving the financial literacy of pastoral families in the future, vigorously playing the role of inclusive finance and commercial credit, and increasing the credit support of pastoral families.

Optimizing the business environment is an important prerequisite for promoting high-quality economic development. Based on the data of Zhejiang Province and its 11 prefecture-level cities from 2013 to 2022, the coupling coordination degree model was used to explore the coupling and coordination relationship between business environment and economic growth in Zhejiang Province as a whole and in each prefecture-level city. The results show that the overall level of coupling and coordination between business environment and economic growth in Zhejiang Province is increasing year by year. Among them, the coordinated development of Hangzhou and Ningbo is particularly prominent. The coordinated development level of Wenzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Taizhou, Jinhua, Huzhou and Zhoushan has been improved, but it is still insufficient. Quzhou and Lishui are still in a state of imbalance, and it is urgent to further optimize the business environment to promote coordinated economic development.

In the era of informatization, handwritten digit recognition has wide applications in computer vision and pattern recognition. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of handwritten digit recognition, four convolutional neural network (CNN)-based algorithm models were designed and tested. An empirical study was conducted on the MNIST dataset to compare the training performance of different models. The experimental results show that the multilayer CNN model performs best, with an accuracy rate of 98.9%, and each training cycle takes about 20 seconds. This indicates that increasing the number of convolutional layers and using high-level APIs help improve recognition accuracy, further enhancing the application performance of CNN in handwritten digit recognition. New insights and methods are provided for designing efficient and accurate handwritten digit recognition models.

As an economic engine and strategic choice in the new era, the low-altitude economy has great strategic significance and broad market prospects. At present, the development of low-altitude economy is boosted by new quality productivity, the industrial chain foundation is relatively stable, and various provinces and cities are accelerating the formulation and improvement of relevant policies and regulations. However, in the process of developing the low-altitude economy, there are still problems such as the relatively slow speed of infrastructure construction, the research and development capacity of key technologies to be strengthened, and the industry support capacity to be improved. Therefore, in view of the current problems, the focus is on the comparison of the policies and plans of various provinces and cities, in order to better promote the development of the low-altitude economy, it is necessary to further play the role of the market, focus on key industries and fields, strengthen infrastructure construction, enhance the supporting role of scientific and technological innovation in the low-altitude economy, accelerate the industrialization and commercialization process of the low-altitude economy, and carry out multi-scenario “low-altitude economy +” mode and other strategies to fully release the value of the low-altitude economy.

In order to explore the influencing mechanisms of the safety training effects of the new generational construction workers, questionnaire surveys and interviews on 10 construction projects under construction were conducted to analyze the safety training effects of the new generation of construction workers, consulting the relevant literature, based on the learning theory and training transfer theory, the theoretical model between individual factors, organizational factors, external environment, a structural equation model of training system factors and safety training effects was established and empirically tested. The findings indicate that personal factors have a positive effect on the safety training effect of the new group of construction workers, the external environmental factors have a positive effect on the safety training effect of the new generational construction workers, and the personal, organizational and training system factors play a part of the mediating effect. The training system factors have a positive effect on the safety training effect of the new generation of construction workers, and the role of personality elements in intermediate effects. Organizational factors have a positive effect on the safety training effect of the new generation of construction workers, and individual factors play a partial mediating effect. The results of the study may provide a resource for enhancing the efficacy of safety training for the new group of construction workers.

With the rapid advancement of the new individual economy, a plethora of unlawful and chaotic activities have emerged, challenging the rationale of social responsibility governance centered around platform enterprises. The motivations behind the new individual economy’s fulfillment of social responsibilities was initially examined, namely its social attributes, ownership characteristics and the necessity for sustainable development, which compelled it to assume the role of a social responsibility bearer. Nonetheless, several practical issues arise when the new individual economy undertakes social responsibilities, including a lack of social responsibility awareness, ambiguous social responsibility subjects, and difficulties in social responsibility oversight. Consequently, a content framework for the social responsibility of the new individual economy is established. The entity responsible for fulfilling social responsibility is the new individual economic operator. The beneficiaries of social responsibility encompass both direct and indirect stakeholders, and the scope of social responsibility is categorized into six domains including legal, economic, ethical, industrial, philanthropic and public welfare responsibilities. Depending on the level of social responsibility, these can be further classified into mandatory, essential and aspirational social responsibilities. Tailored governance models are proposed based on the distinct features of each type of social responsibility, such as a government-led governance model for mandatory social responsibilities, a management-led governance model for essential social responsibilities, and a platform-led governance model for aspirational social responsibilities.

In recent years, the construction industry has been in a downturn, and companies and employees are generally facing huge challenges. Improving employees’ job embeddedness is particularly important. However, current research is mostly based on ordinary enterprises and public service personnel, lacking the development of effective measurement tools for work embedding in engineering project contexts. Based on the interview content and literature analysis, interviews with seven experts in the field of engineering projects and a dimensional structure of work embedding in the project context were firstly conducted. Subsequently, following a strict scale development process, a preliminary set of organizational embedding consisting of 15 items and organizational embedding consisting of 7 items were established. After expert scoring and reliability and validity testing, the final scale consisting of 11 items and 6 items is formed, which is proven to have good reliability and validity, and can provide reference for the management and development of engineering project teams.

In order to search for a new model suitable for the development of collaborative innovation in the biomedical industry in LZ city, the current situation and problems of biomedical industry in LZ city were sorted out through literature analysis and investigation, comparing the existing collaborative innovation development modes in LZ city, and combining with the theory of collaborative innovation to search for new modes suitable for its development of collaborative innovation. It is found that LZ city biomedical industry has a variety of collaborative innovation models, on the basis of which it is necessary to form a closer government-industry-academia-research-utilization of the new mode of collaborative innovation. At present, the most suitable model for biomedical development in LZ city is the new model of collaborative innovation between government-industry-academia-research-application based on joint decision-making by multiple subjects, multi-stage synergy and scientific distribution of benefits and close relationship.

In the context of smart city development, the intelligent transformation of communities, as a critical juncture for the interaction between urban information and residents’ daily lives, has become increasingly significant. Based on 251 relevant articles from the CNKI database spanning 2012 to 2024, bibliometric analysis was employed and CiteSpace6.3.R1 was used to visualize keyword co-occurrences, clustering and emerging trends, thereby the research hotspots and frontiers in smart community development was identified. The findings show that future advancements should focus on five key areas, such as information security, human-centered design, smart elderly care services, sustainability and resilience and equitable public service provision.

Based on the avoidance model, self-efficacy and work alienation were used as mediating variables, and approaching propensity and avoidance propensity were moderating variables, and a theoretical model of work connectivity behavior after-hours on employees’ procrastination was constructed. The data of 281 employee questionnaires was processed and analyzed. The results show that work connectivity behavior after-hours and approach tendency positively interacts with self-efficacy, and reduces the generation of procrastination at work through self-efficacy. Work connectivity behavior after-hours and avoidance tendency positively interact with work alienation and promote procrastination through work alienation.