Pipelines are frequently connected to power equipment such as compressors and pumps, serving critical functions including material transport and pressure transmission, thereby constituting the “highways” for material transfer in industrial production. Prolonged excessive vibration is the fundamental cause of structural fatigue damage in pipelines,detachment of instruments mounted on pipelines, and desensitization of auxiliary components. Research on pipeline vibration,noise, and their control technologies is a fundamental prerequisite for meeting industrial production requirements. Due to their significant damping effects, high reliability, and ease of installation, particle dampers are commonly employed for vibration control in industrial pipelines. However, the damping mechanisms and configuration methods of particle damping materials remain incomplete, resulting in difficulties in predicting their vibration attenuation performance. Firstly, a theoretical calculation method was developed for particle dampers used in L-shaped industrial pipelines, and the energy dissipation mechanisms of particles were analyzed under two states: “equivalent solid” and “equivalent fluid”. Then, based on variations in vibration intensity at damper installation locations, a theoretical calculation approach for particle dampers was proposed.The results indicate that under small vibration conditions without slip flow, the energy dissipation by particles can be equivalently represented by impulsive collision forces between particles and the pipeline as well as frictional energy loss;under large vibration conditions, slip flow occurs among particles exhibiting viscous damping effects. Both theoretical analysis and test results demonstrate that when particle dampers operate within an environment characterized by a reduced acceleration Γ≤3.8, collision-based damping models are appropriate to characterize their dissipative performance; conversely,when operating under reduced acceleration conditions Γ>3.8, multiphase flow frameworks should be employed to predict the vibration attenuation efficacy of particle dampers.