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Coal gangue-based water-retaining agent (CG-WRG) was prepared using coal gangue-based humic acid (CG-HA), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), sodium alginate (SA), and acrylic acid (AA) as raw materials, potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator, and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent, and then characterized by FTIR and SEM. The influence of KPS dosage, MBA dosage, neutralization degree of AA and m(AA)∶m(SA)∶m(CMC-Na)∶m(CG-HA) on the water absorbency and water retention of CG-WRG was evaluated through single-factor experiments, followed by exploration on the environmental adaptability of CG-WRG under different environmental conditions (temperature, pH, type and mass concentration of metal cations). The water and fertilizer retention effects were further studied through leaching experiments and water-fertilizer evaporation experiments in saline-alkali soil. The results showed that under the optimal CG-WRG preparation conditions of KPS dosage 0.25 g, MBA dosage 0.06 g, 65% neutralization AA 9.00 g, and m(AA)∶m(SA)∶m(CMC-Na) ∶m(CG-HA)=9∶1∶1∶1, the water absorbency of CG-WRG reached 370.1 g/g, and the water retention was 94.1 g/g. CG-WRG exhibited good water retention effects at temperatures ranging from 5 to 60 ℃, with a higher water absorbency (228.6 g/g) in the alkaline environment pH=11 than in the acidic environment pH=3 (154.4 g/g). The water retention of saline-alkali soil with 2% CG-WRG (based on the mass of saline-alkali soil）was 55%. After being buried in soil for 16 and 20 d, the degradation of CG-WRG was 10.3% and 15.8%, respectively. When the CG-WRG dosage was increased from 0.05% to 0.20%, the cumulative loss of potassium decreased by 37.1%~58.8%, and the loss of nitrogen decreased by 15.7%~30.4%. When the CG-WRG dosage reached 0.20%, the soil water content increased by 4.67% compared with the control group. When the CG-WRG dosage was 0.05%, the contents of and
in the soil reached the maximum (7.935 and 1.529 mg). The seedling germination with CG-WRG addition was 90%, and the average root length was 2.7 cm, higher than that with no CG-WRG, which was 50% and 1.0 cm, respectively. In addition, the germination index of the CG-WRG addition group was 486%.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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