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A lotus seed protein peptide (LSP)/tea saponin (TS) coated diosmetin (Dios) nanoemulsion (Dios-NE) based on a natural emulsifier system formulated with LSP and TS was prepared by dispersing and encapsulating the lipophilic active ingredient Dios in rapeseed oil, and characterized by FTIR, SEM, nanoparticle size analyzer and polarizing microscopy. The effects of m(LSP)∶m(TS), volume ratio of dispersed phase to deionized water (oil-to-water ratio) and homogenization pressure on the particle size of Dios-NE were investigated through response surface experiment. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Dios-NE was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS) cation radical scavenging assays, while the gradient sustained-release performance and bioaccessibility of Dios-NE were assessed through simulated digestion experiments. The results indicated that, under the optimal preparation conditions of mass ratio of m(LSP)∶m(TS)=3∶20, oil-to-water ratio 5∶95, homogenization pressure 172.375 MPa, Dios-NE showed a particle size of (138.8±0.2) nm, with Dios stably embedded within the emulsion core by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Dios-NE maintained stable particle size and Zeta potential across a wide range of conditions, including pH (2~11), NaCl concentration (0~50 mmol/L), and temperature (30~90 ℃). The controlled-release properties of Dios-NE and the synergistic antioxidant effects of LSP/TS significantly enhanced the scavenging abilities for DPPH radical and ABTS+ radical, reaching 99% at a mass concentration of 24 mg/L. Dios-NE could delay the degradation of Dios in gastric fluid (retention rate 87%) and achieve targeted release in intestinal fluid through micellization, with a bioaccessibility of 57%.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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