China is a large country in the production of edible fungi. In order to further enhance the industrial innovation ability, increasing the basic research on edible fungi is the key breakthrough point. In recent years, with the rapid development of biotechnology, omics-drive research on edible fungi has shifted from phenotype description to systematic mechanism analysis. The application of single omics technology has achieved extensive progress in the genetic basis, gene regulation, protein dynamics, metabolic pathways, and phenotypic analysis of edible fungi. However, the problems of one-sided and fragmented data of single omics can be addressed only through integrated analysis of multi-omics. Therefore, multi-omics technology has gradually become the core driver for the paradigm shift in research on genetic breeding of edible fungi. Although the current research still faces challenges such as data quality, functional verification, computing resources, and integration complexity, future researches should focus on innovations in underlying technologies, AI-driven approaches, cross-scale integration, the construction of resource platforms, etc. Continued promotion of deep integration and innovative application of multi-omics will facilitate high-quality development of the industry of edible fungi, thereby meeting the needs of food security and public health.

A wild white macrofungi collected from Leye County of Guangxi was identified as albino Oudemansiella raphanipes through morphological observation and molecular analysis. Optimal conditions for mycelial growth, including carbon source, nitrogen source, pH and temperature were determined using single-factor and orthogonal tests. The results showed that the suitable carbon source and nitrogen source were fructose (30 g/L) and yeast extract powder (8 g/L), respectively. The suitable pH and temperature were 8.0 and 25 ℃ respectively. The optimum combination condition for vigorous growth was fructose of 20 g/L, yeast extract powder of 6 g/L, pH of 7.0 and temperature of 25 ℃. Expanded bag-cultivation trials with 15 cm × 26 cm cultivation bag revealed that the bagful mycelial colonization time, in substrate containing 78% sawdust, was about 25 days, and subsequent cultivation for approximately 20 days resulted in appearance of the brown mottlement. The mushroom button arose approximately 60 days after soil-covering soil on the split of upside-down mushroom bag, and the fruiting bodies could be harvested after 4-6 days of subsequent cultivation. The average fresh fruiting body weight was 41.83 g/bag and the average biological efficiency was 16.09% in two fruiting stages. Albino O. raphanipes was susceptible to Trichoderma harzianum, with 33.04% inhibition rate before contact and 95.55% infection rate after contact. This research provides a theory reference for extended development and utilization of an albino O. raphanipes.

The chemical constituents of Ganoderma subangustisporum and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were investigated. Two cadinane-type sesquiterpenes, 17-hydroxy-12-ethoxycarbonyl-α-cadinol (1) and 12-hydroxy-α-cadinol (2), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of G. angustisporum mycelial cultures. Their structures were elucidated through high-resolution mass spectrometry, comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations. Compound 1 is novel due to the acetylation of its 12-hydroxy group, while compound 2 is reported for the first time from the genus Ganoderma. Both compounds 1 and 2 exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values of (96.72±3.87) μmol/L and (56.82±4.70) μmol/L, respectively. Molecular docking results indicate that compounds 1 and 2 primarily interact with key amino acid residues in the active site of α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonds.

Ophiocordyceps is a diverse, widely distributed, and host-rich genus of entomogenous fungi, with over 400 species reported to date. The Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan of southwestern China, recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot, represent a major center of diversity for this genus. In this study, we describe a new species of Ophiocordyceps from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan, designated Ophiocordyceps paraisarioidea sp. nov., based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses using both single ITS sequences and a combined dataset of five loci (nrSSU, nrLSU, tef-1α, rpb1 and rpb2). Morphologically, this species is prone to misclassification as Paraisaria in virtue of stromatal structure, but it differs by having darker stromata, a spherical fertile part with apical protuberances, and multiseptate non-disarticulating ascospores. Five-gene phylogenetic analyses place O. paraisarioidea in the basal clade of Ophiocordyceps, clustering with Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza. Nevertheless, the two species exhibit notable differences in morphology and host preference: O. paraisarioidea has dark brown stroma with grayish-white tips and parasitizes lepidopteran larvae, whereas O. entomorrhiza forms nearly black stromata and infects both larvae and adults of coleopteran insects (Carabus sp.). Notably, the lepidopteran host of O. paraisarioidea challenges the prevailing hypothesis that Coleopterans represent the ancestral hosts of Ophiocordyceps, implying the occurrence of multiple host shifts during the early evolutionary history. The discovery of O. paraisarioidea may provide valuable insight into the origin and early diversification of this genus.