Taking Chinese A-share listed companies in the new generation of information technology (NGIT) industry as a sample, the incentive effect of government subsidies on technological innovation of NGIT listed companies was empirically tested from three dimensions: technological innovation inputs, technological innovation outputs, and technological innovation behaviors represented by cooperative R&D. The findings indicate that government subsidies promote technological innovation inputs, outputs, and cooperative R&D behaviors of NGIT listed companies. Ex-post subsidies are shown to be more effective in stimulating high-quality technological innovation output. The factors of heterogeneity in the relationship between government subsidies and cooperative R&D are further examined. Results demonstrate that stronger knowledge absorption capacity in listed companies enhances the effect of government subsidies on the willingness, quantity, and quality of cooperative R&D. Additionally, the presence of more colleges and universities in the province where the listed company is located leads to an increase in the quantity and quality of cooperative R&D. Government subsidies are also found to be more beneficial for improving the quality of cooperative R&D when the listed company is part of an innovative industry cluster. Suggestions are provided for optimizing and effectively utilizing government subsidy policies to promote technological innovation in NGIT listed companies.

Taking technological incentive policy, "notice on the cultivation of specialized, refined, special and new 'Lttle Giant" in 2018, as a quasi-natural experiment, the data of listed enterprises from 2015 to 2021 was adopted to identify the impact of the policy on technological innovation and financing constraints of Little Giant, and then verified the mechanism of the policy on the high-quality development of Little Giant. The results show that the technological incentive policy significantly improves the TFP of Little Giant, with a noticeable time lag. Further analysis verifies that the policy primarily influences the TFP of Little Giant through the interaction of innovation effect and certification effect. Heterogeneity analysis show that the policy has a more significant promoting effect on private enterprises, which extends the microcosmic mechanism of Chinese technological incentive policy to offset financing constraints, deepens the understanding of the effect of incentive policies, and provides theoretical guidance and implementation plans for promoting the high-quality development of Chinese SMEs.

The vigorous development of fintech has provided new ideas for commercial banks to improve financial services for small and micro enterprises (SMEs). Based on 510 commercial bank credit questionnaires for SMEs covering the east, central, west and northeast regions, the impact and mechanism of fintech on precision credit for SMEs was explored. At the same time, the moderating effect of credit supervision environment in this process was examined. The results indicate that fintech can significantly improve the accuracy of credit for SMEs, and this path can be achieved by weakening information distance constraints and improving customer infrastructure. Heterogeneity analysis shows that large commercial banks have more advantages than small and medium-sized commercial banks in improving the accuracy of credit for SMEs. The credit capacity for SMEs from commercial banks in the western and northeastern regions has greater potential for improvement compared to the eastern and central regions. In addition, in areas with poor credit regulatory environments, fintech plays a greater role in improving precision credit. Our findings enriches the theoretical explanation that fintech improves credit for SMEs, and also provides management inspiration for commercial banks to enhance their financial service capabilities for SMEs.

The involvement of major energy-exporting countries in geopolitical conflicts can easily lead to volatility in international energy markets and have an impact on the world economy. Based on a macroeconomic model and using counterfactual analysis and vector autoregression, the differential impacts of geopolitical conflicts on different economies through the volatility of the energy market was analyzed, and China's response measures based on the perspectives of energy security and national security was put forward. The results show that geopolitical conflicts have negative impacts on different economies through crude oil market volatility, with the European economy, which is more dependent on Russian energy, being affected to a greater extent. It is recommended to pay great attention to the risk of geopolitical conflicts, accelerate the formation of a diversified pattern of crude oil imports and energy consumption, stabilize investor expectations, improve the construction of the capital market and maintain the stability of the RMB exchange rate, so as to prevent the negative impacts that geopolitical conflicts may have on China's energy security.

The difference-in-differences model was used to examine the effects of implementing the "three red lines" policy on the debt structure of listed real estate firms. The empirical results indicate that a significant negative impact on current liabilities and a positive effect on long-term liabilities occur due to the "three red lines" policy, leading to an optimized adjustment of corporate debt structure. Further research finds the following. A more pronounced effect on the debt structure adjustment is observed in firms with a higher proportion of fixed assets than firms with a lower proportion. State-owned firms and real estate firms in non-eastern regions experience greater effects from the policy regarding their debt structure. Companies with weaker profitability and higher leverage are more significantly impacted by the policy, resulting in a more effective adjustment of their debt structure. The introduction of the policy accelerates the circulation of working capital in real estate enterprises and promotes the targeted use of long-term debt to replace short-term debt. A causal relationship between the "three red lines" policy and real estate enterprises is identified within the context of the "houses for living and not for investment" policy, elucidating the mechanism of the "three red lines" policy and providing important reference significance for market participants and the improvement of corporate financialization phenomena.

Advanced scientific and technological advancements, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), are recognized as the driving force behind the emergence of new quality productive forces. The paths and mechanisms of influence between AI and productivity, however, remain unclear. A comparison between new quality productive forces and traditional productivity was first conducted, followed by an elucidation of the characteristics of new quality productive forces elements at the employee, enterprise, and industry levels, along with the application characteristics of AI. At the employee level, the “automation-enhancement" pathway was studied, along with Al's role in capability integration, learning, and reconfiguration. At the enterprise level, Al's role in enterprise functions such as marketing, innovation, and strategic decision-making is studied. Also, the structuring, restructuring, and utilization of resources are investigated. Additionally, the research delves into Al's role in shaping industry-level dynamics via the industrial, innovation, capital, and talent chains, and the mechanisms of labor substitution, spillover integration, technological innovation, and ecological synergies. Recommendations are made to support new quality productive forces development in the short, medium, and long terms. Knowledge on AI's role in new quality productive forces is expanded by the exploration, and discussion with related research is fostered.

Promoting digital transformation of enterprises is an inevitable requirement for achieving high-quality economic development. Command-and-control environmental regulations represented by low-carbon city pilot policies play an important role in the construction of "digital China". Based on the pilot policy of low-carbon cities as the entry point, data from China' A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2021 was used to test the impact and mechanism of command-and-control environmental regulation policies on enterprises' digital transformation by the staggered differential model. The results show that the implementation of pilot policies in low-carbon cities can effectively force enterprises to transform digitally by reducing carbon emission level, promoting green technology innovation, easing financing constraints and adjusting from directors' overseas background. The conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy effect will depend on the difference of industry type and category of employment. Further analysis shows that while promoting digital transformation, the policy can also promote the expansion of enterprises and the economic development of pilot areas. The economic contribution of pilot cities is 0. 0184%. The research conclusions of this article have important implications for how the government use macro-control means to force enterprises to digital transformation and realize the coordinated development of "green" and "digital" economy.

Anchoring on the shareholding structure, the A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen in China from 2013 to 2019 was taken as a research sample, and the impact of reverse mixed ownership reform on the "greenwashing" behavior of private enterprises was discussed. Results show that by enhancing the financing capacity of enterprises, improving management's short-sighted behavior, and promoting enterprise' sense of responsibility for environmental protection, reverse mixed ownership reform can significantly alleviate the worsening problem about "greenwashing" behavior of private enterprises. The governance effects of state-owned equity was analyzed deferentially, the results show that reverse mixed ownership reform has a more significant inhibitory effect on selective disclosure compared to expressive manipulation. The quadratic term of reverse mixed ownership reform was introduced into the research to verify the existence of an optimal shareholding ratio for state-owned equity. Heterogeneity analyses revealed that governance effects of reverse mixed ownership reform in different contexts in terms of the nature of the industry, the degree of corporate disclosure, and corporate reputation. It puts forward relevant suggestions from three aspects, including that deepening the process of reverse mixed ownership reform in private enterprises, improving laws and suggestions on information disclosure, and strengthening the construction of corporate teams.

With energy consumption and carbon emissions continue to increase. The climate issues are becoming more severe. Many environmental regulation policies have been promulgated to address the challenges of environmental degradation. Carbon trading policy, as an important means, promotes green technology innovation in enterprises through market forces to reduce carbon emissions. As the main emitters of carbon in China, high-energy-consuming enterprises bear tremendous pressure and challenges for carbon emission reduction. And there is an urgent need to increase investment in green technology innovation to adapt to the market environment. To explore the impact of carbon trading policies on green technology innovation in high-energy-consuming enterprises, a difference in differences model was constructed. Panel data of A-share listed companies in high energy consuming industries from 2000 to 2022 were used to empirically test the relationship between carbon trading policies and green technology innovation of high energy consuming enterprises. The results indicate that carbon trading policies can significantly promote green technology innovation in high energy consuming enterprises. In addition, the research samples were grouped based on different dimensions to further explore the heterogeneity of policy impacts in different contexts. The findings reveal that carbon trading policies have a stronger promoting effect on green technology innovation in stronger enterprises. Compared to green invention patents, carbon trading policies have a greater impact on the number of green utility model patents obtained. When enterprises have a higher proportion of institutional investor shareholding, their green technology innovation is more significantly influenced by carbon trading policies. And enterprises located in key import and export provinces and cities in China are more affected by carbon trading policies than those in other regions.

Global contingencies and economic climate risks create uncertainty for firms. To explore the impact of uncertainty on business decisions and investment behavior of firms, economic policy uncertainty, trade policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk, and climate policy uncertainty were combined and analyzed to explore the characteristics and mechanisms of their impact on corporate investment with a sample of A-share listed companies in China from 2013 to 2022, and to further analyze the heterogeneity of the three dimensions of the type of corporate investment, the nature of the ownership system, and the type of industry. It is found that, firstly, all four types of uncertainty inhibit business investment, but the degree of inhibition varies. Secondly, economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk discourage business investment in fixed assets and financial assets but promote investment in R&D, while trade policy uncertainty does the opposite, and climate policy uncertainty discourages the three types of business investment. Thirdly, the impacts of trade and climate policy uncertainty on business investment are more variable than the other two. Finally, uncertainty can affect business investment through the financing constraint channel and the business external demand channel, and business growth opportunities can mitigate the relationship between uncertainty and business investment.