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A physics-based probabilistic method for assessment of landslide-induced wave run-up hazards
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Ningjie Li, Xinli Hu*, Jian Wang, Junxiang Huang, Hongchao Zheng, Wei Li
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering | 2026, 18(5) : 3675 - 3687
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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering | 2026, 18(5): 3675-3687
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A physics-based probabilistic method for assessment of landslide-induced wave run-up hazards
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Ningjie Li, Xinli Hu*, Jian Wang, Junxiang Huang, Hongchao Zheng, Wei Li
Affiliations
  • Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
  • Dr. Xinli Hu is currently a Professor and PhD supervisor at Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China. She is the member of International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment (IAEG) and Engineering Geology Branch of China Geological Society. She has participated in a large number of research projects. Her research interests include (1) geohazard prevention and slope stability analysis; (2) deformation characteristics and failure mechanisms of reservoir landslides; (3) stabilizing pile-landslide interactions; and (4) physical and numerical modeling of landslide aspects.

Published: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2025.06.018
Outline
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Traditional deterministic numerical simulation often has a poor prediction performance for landslide-induced wave run-up (LIWR) hazards, as it neglects the effects of uncertainty. The limitation for efficiently quantifying the uncertainties in primary parameters remains largely unsolved. In this study, we propose a probabilistic evaluation method, integrating the adaptive Kriging (AK) metamodel method and probability density evolution method (PDEM) based on generalized F-discrepancy. A Taylor expansion-based adaptive design strategy is applied to construct the global AK model over representative points generated by generalized F-discrepancy, thereby approximating the numerical physical response (i.e., maximum LIWR). Using these approximate responses, the PDEM is used to compute the exceedance probabilities that LIWR heights exceed elements at risk based on a construction of virtual time, and then a probabilistic criterion is introduced to classify hazard zones. The proposed method is demonstrated via two examples: Example Ⅰ, which possesses risk element (building), and Example Ⅱwith water-level variations. The results indicate that the proposed method has an acceptable performance (showing a 1.7 % difference in exceedance probability compared to Monte Carlo simulation with 50,000 samples) with low computation cost (requiring 284 deterministic analyses). For two specific scenarios in this study, the wave induced by the landslide exhibits a solitary-like leading wave. The proposed probabilistic method provides promising prospects for quantifying LIWR uncertainties, and is helpful for direct, efficient, and low-cost quantification assessment of cascading hazards.

Landslide-induced wave run-up (LIWR)  /  Numerical simulation  /  Adaptive metamodel  /  Probability density evolution method (PDEM)  /  Hazard zoning
Ningjie Li, Xinli Hu, Jian Wang, Junxiang Huang, Hongchao Zheng, Wei Li. A physics-based probabilistic method for assessment of landslide-induced wave run-up hazards[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2026 , 18 (5) : 3675 -3687 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2025.06.018
  • Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of the NSFC(42020104006)
  • National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Projects of China(41827808)
Year 2026 volume 18 Issue 5
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2025.06.018
  • Receive Date:2025-01-31
  • Online Date:2026-06-17
  • Published:2026-05-25
Article Data
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History
  • Received:2025-01-31
  • Revised:2025-06-02
  • Accepted:2025-06-10
Funding
Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of the NSFC(42020104006)
National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Projects of China(41827808)
Affiliations
    Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

Corresponding:

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: (X. Hu).
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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