Ling Zhang is a Professor and Doctoral Supervisor at Hunan University. She earned her Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Hunan University in 2012. Her research focuses on innovative technologies for the treatment of special soil subgrades and the design of pile foundations in challenging and unique environments. She has led four projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), as well as one project supported by the Hunan Provincial Excellent Young Scholars Fund. To date, she has published over 100 academic papers in core journals at home and abroad, including 42 papers indexed by SCI. Professor Zhang actively contributes to the academic community as a reviewer for several leading international journals in the field of civil and geotechnical engineering, including Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Computers and Geotechnics, ASCE's International Journal of Geomechanics, Ocean Engineering, among others.
The stress-strain behavior of brittle siliceous mudstone coarse-grained soils (SMCGSs) under penetrating erosion critically affects the stability of SMCGS-filled embankments in erosion-prone areas, yet remains insufficiently understood, particularly regarding particle crushing and critical state behavior under low confining pressures. This study proposes a modified constitutive model to characterize erosion-induced mechanical degradation and nonlinear critical state evolution. A normalized parameterϑ, derived from the principle of crushing equivalence, is introduced to capture the coupled effects of particle breakage and critical state shifts under varying erosion intensities. Along with a nonlinear tuning index δ, this parameter is integrated into the unified hardening model for low confining pressure (UH-L), resulting in the N-UH-LE model. Consolidated drained (CD) triaxial tests under confining pressures of 100-400 kPa are conducted for model calibration and validation. The model predictions exhibit strong agreement with experimental results, with a maximum relative error of 7.76 %. The N-UH-LE model successfully reproduces key mechanical responses, including hardening, softening, shear dilation, and volumetric changes across different erosion levels. Furthermore, erosion-induced degradation decreases with lower confining pressures and higher initial void ratios (e0 = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7), while variations in interlocking strength (τ0cotφ = 40 kPa, 80 kPa, and 120 kPa) show limited influence.© 2026 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |