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Objective By literature review to retrospectively study the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment process and prognosis of chronic periaortitis (CP) treated with rituximab (RTX), and to improve the understanding of it. Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics, laboratory indicators, changes of imaging findings and adverse reactions before and after RTX treatment of six CP patients admitted in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from October 2014 to November 2020. The clinical remission was defined as the disappearance of clinical symptoms and hydronephrosis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) <15 mm/h and C-reactive protein (CRP) <5 mg/L; complete remission was defined as the clinical remission and the maximum transverse diameter of retroperitoneal mass reduced by 50%. Fifty-eight similar cases were collected by searching the database to investigate the efficacy and safety of RTX in treating patients with CP. Results All the 6 patients were males, aged 49.5 (42.0-62.0) years, with pathogenesis of 60 (30-365) days and mean follow-up time of 25.7 (0.9-66.9)months. Three of the 6 patients had severe cardiovascular disease in the past, one suffered from thoracic aorta involvement. RTX alone was given in 3 patients, and together with prednisone in 3 other patients as induce remission therapy, respectively. Five patients achieved clinical remission, of them one was given small dose of prednisone to maintain long-term remission, the other 4 patients received regular application of RTX to maintain remission. The median remission time was 4.0 (0.5-6.0) months. Three patients got complete remission with the median remission time of 18 months (16-24). No recurrence was observed during follow-up. None of the 6 patients had an infusion-related response. One had pulmonary infection at the 3.5-month after the RTX application. A total of 58 cases were found in literature. Clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging findings were all improved. Five (8.6%) patients were infected, 1 (1.7%) was died and 3 (5.2%) had a recurrence after the treatment of RTX. Conclusion Rituximab is an effective and safe regimen in inducing and maintaining remission for chronic periaortitis patients.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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