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Objective To investigate the changes of cognitive function in early stage of severe heatstroke (HS) in a rat model, and analyze the metabolic changes of central nervous system by 1H NMR-based metabonomics. Methods Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=11) and HS group (n=14). The rats in HS group were exposed to 40 ℃ heat chamber. When the core temperature reached 42 ℃, they were taken out and rewarmed for 3 h. The rats in control group were placed at (25.0±0.5) ℃. The rats in HS group were evaluated for neurological deficits before modeling and 0 and 3 h after the rewarm by the modified neurological severity score (mNSS); the tissues of the control group (n=3) and HS group (n=3) were taken and HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes; the brain tissues of the rats in control group (n=8) and HS group (n=11)were taken and the MestReNova software (v9.0.1) was used to perform 1H NMR detection in the NMR spectrometer. The related mechanism of early HS brain injury in rats was expounded from the perspective of metabolomics. Results In the early stage of HS, nerve cell necrosis and apoptosis can be seen in pathological observation. The escape latency time and distance was significantly increased in the HS group compared with control group [(33.14±1.51) s vs. (53.14±2.14) s, P<0.05; (360.79±13.50) cm vs.(693.29±28.63) cm, P<0.05]; the number of platform-crossing and the activity time of target quadrant was significantly reduced in the HS group compared with control [(6.36±0.84) times vs. (2.64±0.75) times, P<0.05; (65.78%±1.06%) vs. (35.81%±1.14%), P<0.05]. The metabolic patterns of central nervous system were significantly changed in early stage of severe heatstroke. Compared to the control group, glutamine, glutamate, lactate and succinate were distinctly increased, while the levels of aspartate, glycine, glutathione and pyruvate were markedly decreased. Conclusions The neurological impairment and cognitive dysfunction can occur in the early stage of severe heat stroke, and the metabolic pattern of central nerve system is changed, resulting disorders of neurotransmitters as amino acids and energy metabolism and oxidative stress.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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