Objective To analyze the risk factors inducing hyperuricemia (HUA) in helicopter pilots and put forward the corresponding intervention measures. Methods A total of 190 male helicopter pilots, aged 20-50 years and with more than 100 hours of flight time, were recruited from April to October 2020 in a flight brigade. A self-designed questionnaire was used, by which the basic information of subjects were collected including eating habits, physical exercise, smoking and drinking, exposure to noise and vibration at work, mood, disease, work performance, sleep status, genetic factors, and so on. At the same time, 28 SPF grade 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 7 groups (4 each): control group, noise group, noise + vitamin C (Vit C)group, noise + multivitamin (Multi Vit) group, noise + hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) group, noise + HBO + Vit C group, and noise +HBO + Multi Vit group. After continuous intervention for 7 days, Multiskan Ascent was used to detect the uric acid (UA) level in mice sera. Results Finally, 186 subjects, aged 22-50 years and with (1378±569) hours of flight time, were included in present study. Of whom 17 (9.14%) were self-reported with HUA (HUA group) and 169 (9.14%) were with normal uric acid (NUA group).No significant difference existed between the two groups in age, height, body mass index and the proportion of hyperglycemia. The proportions of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver were significantly higher in HUA group (17.6% and 29.4%, respectively) than those in NUA group (4.7% and 10.1%, respectively) with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The scores of noise exposure and vibration exposure were significantly higher in HUA group [(22.942±3.960) and (16.351±3.552), respectively] than those in NUA group [(19.413±4.086) and (13.323±3.476), respectively] with statistically significant difference (P<0.05); there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05) in the other 8 dimensions. Noise and vibration exposure were closely related to the occurrence of HUA. Among them, strong noise and long daily exposure, great influence on emotion, the poor effect and low use frequency of protective measures would significantly increase the risk of HUA; Long daily exposure and great influence on emotion of vibration would also increase the risk of HUA. Compared with the control group, the serum UA level in noise group increased significantly [(38.710±10.201) μmol/L vs. (191.935±9.542) μmol/L] with significant difference (P<0.05); The serum UA levels in noise + Vit C group [(127.419±5.349) μmol/L], noise + Multi Vit group [(111.290±7.030) μmol/L], noise + HBO group [(53.226±11.518) μmol/L], noise + HBO + Vit C group [(61.290±7.213) μmol/L] and noise + HBO + Multi Vit group[(69.355±13.968) μmol/L] were all lower significantly than that in noise group (P<0.05). The UA levels in noise + Vit C group, noise + Multi Vit group, noise + HBO + Vit C group and noise + HBO + Multi Vit group were still higher than that in control group(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between noise + HBO group and control group (P>0.05). Conclusions HUA in helicopter pilots is related to noise and vibration exposure in working environment. Hyperbaric oxygen and dietary vitamin supplementation can effectively reduce the increase of serum uric acid level caused by noise exposure.