Objective To investigate the alterations of hepatokines fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) in patients with dyslipidemia and their correlation with dyslipidemia. Methods The clinical data of 122 patients hospitalized in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of General Hospital of Western Theater Command during March to October 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the blood lipids level and the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, 72 patients with abnormal blood lipids level (abnormal blood lipid group) and 50 patients with normal blood lipids level (normal blood lipid group) were identified. General information of all subjects was collected, including gender, age, height, weight, smoking and drinking habits, etc. Blood lipid, blood glucose, angiopoietin like protein (ANGPTL)3, ANGPTL4, ANGPTL6, FABP1 were detected. Propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to balance the confounding factors in the baseline data for comparing the alterations of hepatokines between the two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of dyslipidemia, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between FABP1 and blood lipid components. Results After balancing confounding factors by PSM method, no statistically significant difference existed in age, gender, tobacco and alcohol addiction, BMI and blood glucose between the two groups (P>0.05). The level of HDL-C was significantly lower, and the levels of TC, LDL-C and TG were significantly higher in abnormal blood lipid group than in normal blood lipid group (P<0.05). FABP1 level was significantly higher in abnormal blood lipid group than that in normal blood lipid group (P<0.05), while no statistical difference existed between the two groups in the serum levels of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL6 (P>0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that FABP1 was an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia (OR=1.011, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that a significant positive correlation existed between TG and FABP1 (β=0.291, P<0.05), and a significant negative correlation existed between TC+LDL-C and FABP1, as well as blood glucose and FABP1 (β=–0.443 and β=–0.268, P<0.05). Conclusion FABP1 is closely related to dyslipidemia, especially to the abnormal metabolism of triglyceride.