The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. The pathogen responsible for this disease is a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It belongs to coronavirus family, a pathogen similar to SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and manifests strong infectivity and pathogenicity to progress into severe pneumonia. Till now, there is no specific therapeutic drug targeting against this virus. With the rapid spread and deterioration of the epidemic situation, vaccination has become an urgent need. This review introduces the immune defense mechanism of human body against coronavirus briefly, set forth the key viral spike protein for coronavirus vaccine development, and then summarize the recent advances/progresses and potential challenges in safety and efficacy of vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |