Gut microbiome is a critical contributor to host health. It mostly through production of effector molecules possessing biological activity of catabolism modulates metabolic responses at different organ sites including liver, lung, and brain.Skeletal muscle is considered as the largest organ in the body, playing a pivotal role in voluntary movements, postural maintenance and energy homeostasis. Within the past few years, accumulating evidences have revealed biologically important association between the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle and demonstrated muscle function greatly depend on the bacterial population and structure,resulting in a novel and intriguing concept of "gut-muscle axis". This article aims at reviewing the modulatory effects and potential mechanisms of gut microbiota on skeletal muscle and mechanism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mediated "gut-muscle axis", as well as making recommendations on future research in order to provide a theoretical reference for improving muscle function and physical performance based on gut microbiota intervention.