The colonization of the gut microbiota in adolescents is unstable and more diverse than adults. Studies have shown that the intestinal bacterial flora of depression patients is imbalanced, indicating that there is a certain connection between depression and the intestinal flora. Probiotics refers to active microorganisms that are beneficial to the human body, mainly including yeast, probiotic spores, Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Actinomycetes, etc. Pharmacological studies have found that it has various pharmacological effects such as stabilizing gut microbiomes, promoting digestion and absorption, and improving immunity. Recent studies have shown that probiotics also has an anti-depressant effect, can improve mood through the microbiota-gut-brain axis and other ways, and has been confirmed by experiments in animals and humans. This article reviews recent studies on the characteristics of adolescent intestinal flora and the antidepressant mechanism of probiotics in adolescents.