Intestinal flora is increasingly considered to be associated with multiple diseases, such as insulin resistance, bile acid metabolism and inflammatory reaction. Research on the relationship of intestinal flora to the occurrence and development of hypertension and chronic kidney disease has made remarkable progress in recent years. The occurrence and development of hypertension and chronic kidney disease disrupt the original gut microbiota composition, further contribute to the advancement of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. So far, further discussion is needed on the causality and exact mechanism of intestinal flora to hypertension and chronic kidney disease. The composition of intestinal microorganisms in hypertension and chronic kidney disease has been reviewed in present paper, and focused on the role of symbiotic microorganisms in affecting the host immunity and the progress of the primary disease, and summarized the relationship of intestinal flora mediated immune response to hypertension and chronic kidney disease, mainly interlinked each other through short-chain fatty acids, angiotensin Ⅱ and trimethylamine oxide to provide the basis for finding potential treatment methods for hypertension and chronic kidney disease.