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Objective To study the mechanism of +Gz environment exposure induced neck muscle injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 20 male rabbits were randomized into the negative control group, +Gz exposure group, +Gz exposure plus neck loading group, and +Gz exposure plus neck loading plus fixation group (5 in each group). The animal centrifuge was used to simulate the +Gz exposure environment. Rabbits in the +Gz exposure group, +Gz exposure plus neck loading group, and +Gz exposure plus neck loading plus fixation group were exposed for 4 weeks in a +6 Gz environment. Before and after the experiment, the rabbits in each group were photographed by X-ray. At the time of 0-, 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-week exposure, ear vein blood was collected from rabbits in each group, and ELISA was performed to detected plasma leveles of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). After exposure, the trapezius muscle of rabbits was taken for HE staining to detect the muscle morphology.The apoptosis level was detected by TUNEL in the paraffin section of the rabbit trapezius muscle. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 in the trapezius muscle of rabbits were detected by Western blotting. The rabbit's neck trapezius muscle was taken to conduct proteomics testing, select differentially expressed proteins, and perform protein function cluster analysis. Results There was no significant difference in the morphology of the cervical vertebra in each group before and after+Gz exposure. Compared with negative control group, plasma levels of LDH, CK, and ROS in +Gz exposure group, +Gz exposure plus neck loading group, and +Gz exposure plus neck loading plus fixation group significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with negative control group, the ratio of apoptosis protein Bax/Bcl-2 in +Gz exposure group significantly increased (P<0.05), the number of positive apoptosis cells detected by TUNEL significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with +Gz exposure group, the+Gz exposure plus neck loading group showed an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P<0.05) and more TUNEL positive cells (P<0.05).Compared with +Gz exposure plus neck loading group, the ratio of apoptosis protein Bax/Bcl-2 and the positive number of apoptosis were decreased in +Gz exposure plus neck loading plus fixation group, but there were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05).A total of 600 proteins were significantly altered in +Gz exposure group compared to negative control group, and GO functional clustering analysis of the differential proteins revealed significant enrichment of proteins associated with mitochondrial function. Conclusion Exposure to the +Gz environment can cause neck muscle injury and cell apoptosis in rabbits. The muscle injury symptoms can be improved by fixing the stress link of the rabbit neck. Cell apoptosis induced by +Gz exposure may be related to mitochondrial function.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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