Leptin, a fat factor synthesized in adipose tissue, is initially worked as a hormone substance regulating body fat balance. With in depth-study, researchers found that leptin has structural homology with such cytokines as interleukin-6 (IL-6), and its receptor, Ob-R, belongs to class Ⅰ cytokine receptor superfamily. Through binding to corresponding receptor, leptin can not only regulate the food intake and energy balance, but can also regulate the immune system. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the common autoimmune diseases caused by many genetic and environmental factors. The fundamental pathological change of RA is chronic synovial inflammation and pannus formation, and leads to the destruction of cartilage, bone and surrounding tissue. Many immune cells and resident stromal cells are involved in RA pathological progress although the exact pathogenesis of RA remained unclear. It has been proved by in vivo experiment of RA animal model that leptin is related to the joint inflammation, and may participate in the pathogenesis and process of the disease. The immunomodulatory effects of leptin on the main effector cells of RA has been reviewed in present paper, aiming to expand ideas for related research.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |