Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the initiating factors for multiple organ failure. The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) proposed the definition of acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) to describe dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in critically ill patients. AGI occurs frequently in the intensive care unit (ICU) and associates with clinical outcomes of ICU patients. The incidence of pain is high in the ICU, and analgesic drugs can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. But the administration of analgesic drugs is an important factor affecting gastrointestinal function. So, in order to prevent AGI in high-risk patients, both analgesic needs and low impact on gastrointestinal function need to be taken into account before choices of opioids are finalized. This review briefly summarizes the mechanisms of AGI in ICU patients and the studies related to the effects of analgesics on gastrointestinal motility and barrier in ICU patients with opioids as the core, providing a reference for clinical selection.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |