Objective Record and analyze the disease effects and aging effects of eye movement indicators of visual information processing system in target exploration mission through an infrared eye-movement assessment system, and explore the pathogenesis of the visual exploration disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods It is a cross-sectional study. A total of 32 patients with PD and normal cognition on dopaminergic drugs were recruited (PD group) from the Dyskinesia clinic of Dalian Friendship Hospital from October 2020 to June 2021; 33 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy volunteers with normal cognition were recruited (AMC group) from the medical center of our hospital, and 33 gender- and education-matched healthy young medical intern volunteers were recruited (YC group) from medical interns in our hospital during the same period. Behavioral and eye-movement indicators of all subjects were recorded with an infrared eye movement assessment system by testing to figure-matching tasks representing the visual information processing (clock-matching task and inverted clock-matching task) and saccade tasks representing the oculomotor function. The accuracy, saccade latency, and saccade size of saccade tasks, as well as the accuracy,the reaction time, the number of saccades visiting the sample area of interest (AOI), the number of saccades visiting array AOIs, and the de-efficiency score of clock matching tasks were analyzed. The PD group's clinical characteristics (disease duration, doses of anti-Parkinsonian medication, and Hoehn-Yahr grading) and eye movement indicators with disease effect were analyzed. Results In saccade tasks, there was no significant difference in all indicators between AMC group and YC group (P>0.05). Compared with the indicators of PD group, the saccade amplitude of anti-saccade task increased in AMC group (P=0.003) and the YC group (P<0.001)with statistically significant difference. In clock-matching tasks, compared with the YC group, the reaction time of the AMC group(clock-matching task: P=0.005; reverse clock-matching task: P=0.008) and PD group (clock-matching task: P=0.002; reverse clock-matching task: P<0.001) was significantly prolonged with statistically significant difference. Compared with the PD group, the saccade numbers of visiting sample AOI (AMC group: P=0.011; YC group: P<0.001), the saccade numbers of visiting array AOIs(AMC group: P=0.023; YC group: P<0.001) and the de-efficiency score (AMC group: P=0.017; YC group: P=0.003) decreased with statistically significant differences. No statistically significant difference existed in another indicators among each groups in clock matching tasks (P>0.05). There was no obvious correlation in saccade amplitude of anti-saccade task to the numbers of saccade visiting sample AOI (r=–0.014, P=0.785), the numbers of saccade visiting array AOIs (r=–0.025, P=0.837) and de-efficiency score(r=–0.031, P=0.576) in the reverse clock-matching task. None obvious correlation of the clinical characteristics of PD group to the saccade amplitude in anti-saccade task, the numbers of saccade visiting the sample AOI, the numbers of saccade visiting array AOIs,and de-efficiency score in the inverted clock-matching task (P>0.05). Conclusion The results based on the infrared eye movement system showed that the visual exploration disorder of PD patients may be due to the combined action of visual information processing dysfunction and oculomotor dysfunction; disease effect and aging effect have different influences on the process of visual exploration.