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Objective To investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on the motor function and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway in motor cortex of adult mice with spinal cord injury. Methods Thirty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham group, model group and treadmill exercise group (10 each). All mice received pre-training for 3 days, and those in model group and treadmill exercise group were crushed with C5 after pre-training in dorsal cortico-spinal tract,left cortico-spinal tract and rubro-spinal tract. The lamina was removed without damaging the spinal cord in sham group. Mice in treadmill exercise group began to run on the platform 1 week after injury, 5 days every week for 4 weeks. The motor function recovery was assessed with Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), horizontal ladder and cylinder rearing tests. The expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the phosphorylated level of tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), protein kinase B (Akt), and ribosomal S6 protein (S6) in motor cortex of mice were detected by Western blotting. The activation of cortical mTOR pathway was evaluated with immunofluorescence staining to detect the phosphorylated level of S6 in motor neurons. Results After injury, the BMS score of mice in model group and treadmill exercise group decreased briefly (P<0.0001), and recovered back to baseline level within 7 days. Compared with sham group, the error rate of left forelimb and left hindlimb increased (P<0.001) both in model group and treadmill exercise group 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks after injury. Compared with model group, the error rate of both left forelimb and left hindlimb decreased (P<0.001) in treadmill exercise group 3 and 5 weeks after injury. Compared with sham group, the utilization rate of left forelimb decreased (P<0.0001) both in model group and treadmill exercise group 3 days and 1 week after injury;and 3 and 5 weeks after injury, the utilization rate of left forelimb was still lower in model group than in sham group (P<0.001),while no statistical significant difference between the treadmill exercise group and sham group (P>0.05). Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with sham group, the relative expression levels of BDNF and IGF-1 and the phosphorylation levels of TrkB, IGF-1R, Akt and S6 in the motor cortex of model group and treadmill exercise group decreased obviously, and the fluorescence intensity of p-S6 staining in neurons significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the relative expression levels of IGF-1, BDNF and the phosphorylation levels of TrkB, IGF-1R, Akt and S6 in the motor cortex of mice in treadmill exercise group increased significantly, and the fluorescence intensity of p-S6 staining in neurons significantly increased in treadmill exercise group (P<0.01). Conclusion The treadmill exercise is beneficial to the recovery of motor function in mice with spinal cord injury, which may be related to exercise-induced the expressions of BDNF, IGF-1 and activation of mTOR in motor cortex.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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