Radical hepatectomy is the well-established and highly effective therapeutic tool for early- and middle-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to improve the survival. However, the majority of HCC patients in China are not amenable to surgical excision due to the advanced tumor stage at the initial diagnosis. Therefore, it is the bottom line to convert and downstage unresectable tumor into resectable tumor in clinical practice, which is an important means for improving patient survival rate and is currently a clinical research focus as well. In recent years, the rate of conversion surgery for unresectable advanced HCC has achieved dramatic improvement thanking to the accumulating effective therapeutic arsenals, and an increasing number of patients benefit from conversion therapy. Herein, several clinically relevant issues on conversion therapy for HCC were discussed in this review, including the definition of conversion therapy, the optimal selection of patients as well as conversion strategy, and the timing of sequential surgery together with strategy and safety of surgery.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |