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Objective To reveal the pattern of multimorbidity in the middle-aged and elderly population in China by visual cluster analysis. Methods Using the 2015 data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, the age, gender, place of residence, and 14 kinds of non-communicable chronic diseases of the study population were extracted. A total of 18 542 subjects with complete information were included. A two-step clustering algorithm combining self-organizing map and K-Means was used to visually cluster the existence of chronic diseases among the middle-aged and elderly population. Results There were 8044 patients with 2 or more chronic diseases. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 43.38% in those patients, and 52.28% in the elderly population aged 60 years or above. Among the 14 chronic diseases, arthritis or rheumatism had the highest prevalence (33.02%),followed by hypertension (31.07%), stomach or other digestive diseases (23.60%). The patterns of multimorbidity included the following four categories: (1) 97.72% of patients in group A had chronic lung diseases, with more than half (55.05%) suffering from arthritis or rheumatism; (2) the prevalence of hypertension in group B was 98.21%; (3) the prevalence of dyslipidemia in group C was as high as 99.49%, and 91.72% of patients had hypertension; (4) 73.39% of patients in group D suffered from arthritis or rheumatism, and 68.11% had stomach or other digestive diseases. The patterns of multimorbidity were slightly different in women and urban populations. Conclusions The situation of chronic diseases in the middle-aged and elderly population in China is not optimistic, and the patterns of multimorbidity among different genders, urban and rural populations are different. Those results based on visual cluster analysis are of great significance for co-prevention of multiple conditions and reducing the burden of chronic diseases.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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