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In recent years, benefiting from the increasing understanding of tumor immunity, the application of immunotherapy especially immune checkpoint inhibitors in the clinic has achieved great success. Although immunotherapy shows great potential for antitumor therapy, many challenges are currently facing. The limited benefit population is one of the important issues, and the development of new therapeutic strategies to increase the proportion of the population benefiting immunotherapy is of great clinical importance. As one of the traditional means of antitumor therapy, increasing evidence shows that it plays an important role in antitumor immune mechanisms. Chemotherapy can improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to programmed death-1(PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors by affecting the immune microenvironment and activating antitumor immune responses. Moreover, chemotherapy can affect the tumor cells themselves, upregulate the expression of PD-L1, and induce PD-L1-mediated tumor immunosuppressive phenotype, thereby increasing the therapeutic targets of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. A large body of evidence from clinical studies has also suggested a synergistic effect between combination chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in multiple malignancies, and combination therapy is expected to be a novel immunotherapeutic strategy. This paper systematically reviews the evidence from relevant basic and clinical studies, analyzes and summarizes the interaction relationship between chemotherapy and immunotherapy, aiming to provide new ideas for enhancing antitumor immune responses, and at the same time provides a corresponding theoretical basis for clinical combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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