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Objective To observe the effects of free sound field blast shock waves on damage effect and neuro behavior in rats, so as to provide the experimental basis for evaluating the biological damage effect of ammunition and proposing the related protective and treatment measures. Methods Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosion group(n=40), thermobaric (TB) explosion group (n=40) and control group (n=10) according to ammunition type and laying distance(18, 20, 25, 30 m). TNT and TB ammunition were detonated in the free field and the shock wave parameters at different distances from the explosion source were measured by pressure transducers. The degree index of injury of rats was evaluated by grass anatomy, histopathology and adjusted severity of injury index (ASII) scoring system. Behavioral changes of the rats were evaluated with Open field test and Morris water maze test. Results The peak pressure and impulse of explosion shock wave decreased continuously with increasing distance from the explosion center in TNT explosion group and TB explosion group. The rats in TNT explosion group died at 18 m (3/10) and 20 m (1/10), while all rats in TB explosion group survived. The dead rats showed a combined lung blast injury. HE staining showed widened alveolar septa and infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells, and no obvious pathological changes were found in brain tissue 24 hours after explosion. Significant correlation existed between ASII score and shock wave peak pressure in TNT explosion groups (r=0.81, P<0.05) and TB explosion groups (r=0.70, P<0.05). The parameters of total move time and total move distance of rats in different positions were shorter in TNT explosion group than in control group, but without statistical significance (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the move time and distance of rat in 20 m central region were shorter in TNT explosion group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the escape latency of rats in TNT explosion group 18 m and TB explosion group 20 m was shortened, the platform crossing time increased, and the residence time in target quadrant prolonged (P<0.05). Conclusions The injury degree of free-field blast shock wave in rats is related to the distance to explosion center with a shock wave peak pressure and impulse dependence. The blast shock wave can affect the behavior and spatial memory ability of rats.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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