Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by airway inflammation,lung tissue destruction and airflow limitation associated with airway remodeling. As an important form of cellular communication,extracellular vesicles (EVs) are capable of selectively transmitting signals to nearby or distant cells to regulate their function and phenotype, and thought to play an indispensable role in lung disease. EVs can be released by bronchial epithelial cells, lymphocytes,neutrophils, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells upon activation or apoptosis under specific conditions. The role of EVs derived from these cells in the pathogenesis and progression of COPD is reviewed in present paper for contributing a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of the role of EVs in the complex pathophysiology of COPD.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |