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Currently, the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis, but its protective effect is highly controversial. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a new and effective tuberculosis vaccine. Meanwhile, with the in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the continuous update of vaccine research and development technology, there will be a major breakthrough in tuberculosis vaccine. Considering the safety, economic cost and protective effect, multi-stage antigen subunit vaccine or multi-epitope vaccine has good application prospects. This paper systematically reviews the types and characteristics of current tuberculosis vaccines, and discuss the problems and challenges in four aspects: antigen selection, animal model selection, the evaluation indicators of vaccine efficacy and the population specificity in the research of new tuberculosis vaccines, which lays a theoretical foundation for the research of new tuberculosis vaccine.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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