Objective To investigate the risk factors for concomitant pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and to construct a line graph prediction model accordingly and validate it. Methods 426 patients with AECOPD who attended the Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected for retrospective analysis. The patients were divided into 256 cases in model group and 170 cases in validation group in a ratio of 6∶4. Indicators that may affect AECOPD patients with concurrent PTE were collected, and patients in model group were divided into PTE subgroup and non-PTE subgroup according to the presence or absence of concurrent PTE, and the above-mentioned indicators in the 2 subgroups were compared, and the independent influencing factors of AECOPD patients with concurrent PTE were screened by multifactorial logistic regression analysis, which was used to construct a column line graph prediction model. The prediction model was internally validated by Bootstrap method, and then externally validated by using the validation group data. Results A total of 39 (15.2%) of 256 AECOPD patients in model group were complicated by PTE. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that Barthel index score, bed rest time, deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity, right heart insufficiency, PaO₂, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein were independent influencing factors for complicated PTE in AECOPD patients (P<0.05). According to the results of multi-factor regression analysis, the column line graph prediction model was constructed using R4.1.3 software, and the internal validation area under ROC curve (AUC) of the model was 0.863, 95%CI was 0.798-0.927, sensitivity was 82.94%, and specificity was 74.36%; the internal validation results of the column line graph model by Bootstrap method showed that the mean absolute error was 0.02, and the prediction model was basically fitted with the ideal model; the external validation results showed that the AUC of the column line graph model constructed by the validation group was 0.892 with 95%CI of 0.803-0.942. Conclusions The major risk factors for concomitant PTE in patients with AECOPD include Barthel index score, bed rest time, deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity, right heart insufficiency, PaO₂, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein, and the column line graph prediction model constructed from this has a high sensitivity and specificity.