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Objective To observe the changes of motor function and brain tissue transcriptomic profiles in mice with traumatic brain inury (TBI) by seawater immersion, and to explore its potential mechanism. Methods A total of 51 male C57/BL adult mice were randomly divided into sham surgery group, TBI group and TBI+seawater group (17 mice in each group). Behavior tests (rotating bar and balance beam tests) were performed at 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after injury to detect the changes of endurance and motor coordination ability in mice. Blood-brain barrier permeability (Evans blue staining) and brain tissue pathological changes (HE staining) were detected at 12 h and 24 h after injury. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins BCL-2 and Bax in brain tissues were detected with Western blotting 24 h after injury, and carry out brain tissue transcriptomics detection and analyze the related differentially expressed genes and signal pathways. Results Behavior tests showed that compared with the sham surgery group and TBI group, mice in TBI+seawater group had a significantly shortened time on the rotating bar (P<0.001) and spend a significantly prolonged time to pass through the balance beam (P<0.001) on 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d after injury. Evans blue staining showed that the EB permeation area of TBI+seawater group was significantly larger than that of the TBI group (P<0.05), and the EB permeation area at 24 h after injury was significantly smaller than that at 12 h after injury in both groups (P<0.05). HE staining results showed that the pathological damage in TBI+seawater group was worsened compared with TBI group. Western blotting results showed that 24 h after injury, the expression of Bax in TBI+seawater group was significantly increased (P<0.05) while the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in injured brain tissue compared with TBI group. Transcriptomic analysis showed that there were 625 differentially expressed genes in the injured brain tissue of TBI+seawater group compared with TBI group (P<0.05), and the expression levels of p53-related genes and natural killer cell-related genes were significantly increased (P<0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis showed that natural killer cell immune regulation, lymphocyte immune regulation, and cytokine-cytokine receptor binding pathways were significantly enriched (P<0.05). Conclusions Seawater immersion can promote apoptosis of damaged neural cells in TBI mice, leading to impaired motor coordination and endurance in mice. Endogenous apoptosis mediated by p53 and immune regulation mediated by natural killer cells may be associated with this phenomenon.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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