Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF) is a kind of pathological fistula between trachea or bronchus and esophagus, including tracheoesophageal fistula and bronchoesophageal fistula. In clinical practice, tracheoesophageal-fistula is more often seen. There are many pathogenesis of TEF, which could cause serious complications. It is a disease which has serious impact on the quality of life, difficult to treat and high mortality. There are many methods to treat TEF, but the therapeutic effect is poor. There is an urgent need for new treatment methods to TEF. The detection of nasogastric tube retention by chest and abdominal X-ray is the gold standard for diagnosis. The main treatment methods include surgical treatment, stent implantation, local biological glue blocking, stem cell therapy and so on. In order to provide reference for relevant clinical diagnosis and treatment of TEF, this article reviews the main research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of TEF in recent years.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |