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Objective To explore the pattern of early expression and secretion of tissue factor (TF) in vascular endothelial cells induced by heat stress. Methods Thirty SPF-rated C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control group and groups of indicated recovery time, including 0, 3, 6, and 9 h in room temperature after heat stress (n=6). Mice in the heat stress groups were exposed to an animal incubator to reach 42.5 ℃ for core body temperature for heat stroke. We analyzed the histopathological changes in the liver, lung, and kidney tissues with HE staining. We measured the TF mRNA in mice tissues by RT-qPCR and the plasma concentration of TF in mice with a commercial ELISA kit. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were placed in a culture incubator to build an in vitro heat stress model. HUVECs were divided into five groups, including a control group and groups of indicated recovery time, including 0, 3, 6, and 9 h after heat stress. We quantified the expression of TF mRNA and protein in HUVEC cells by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence and measured the secreted TF with a commercial ELISA kit. Results No significant pathological injury was observed in the tissues of the control group. Mice treated with heat stress had various degrees of structural injuries and hemorrhagic and inflammatory changes in multiple tissues. Compared to control group, the expression of TF mRNA significantly increased in the kidney of heat stress-treated mice with 0 and 3 h recovery time (1.719±0.018, 1.241±0.178 vs. 1.000±0.063), the lung with 3 h recovery time (2.444±0.511 vs. 1.000±0.106) and the liver with 6 h recovery time (7.312±0.618 vs. 1.000±0.147) (P<0.05). The concentration of TF in plasma also sustainedly elevated in mice with 0, 3, 6, and 9 h recovery time after heat stress as compared to control group [(132.426±17.920) pg/ml, (119.400±10.267) pg/ml, (107.374±13.495) pg/ml, (163.767±22.810) pg/ml vs. (75.479±13.831) pg/ml, respectively, P<0.01]. The expression levels of TF mRNA were higher in heat stress HUVECs with 6 h and 9 h recovery time than the control cells (1.905±0.354, 2.564±0.297 vs. 1.000±0.097, P<0.01). Secreted TF in the supernatant from HUVECs treated with heat stress and different recovery time also increased significantly [(36.309±4.101) pg/ml, (38.425±5.484) pg/ml, (41.655±4.380) pg/ml, (43.586±4.718) pg/ml vs. (14.996±0.254) pg/ml, P<0.01]. Conclusion Heat stress increased early expression and secretion of TF in vascular endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells may be a main source of circulating TF in heat stroke.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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