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Objective To investigate the preventive effect of schisandrin (SCH) on fetal neural tube defects (NTDs) of mice and its mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 mice were mated with female and male at a ratio of 2:1. Pregnant female mice with vaginal plug after mating were randomly divided into control group, model group, SCH group, and folic acid group, with 9 mice in each group. The NTDs fetal mice model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) (7.5 mg/kg) on embryonic day 7.5 (E 7.5 d). During E 0.5 d-E 11.5 d, pregnant rats in folic acid group were given folic acid [61.0 μg/(kg·d)] by gavage once a day, and pregnant rats in SCH group were given SCH [8.0 mg/(kg·d)] by gavage once a day. Fetal mice were removed by cesarean section on E 11.5 d. PC12 cells were divided into control group, model group and SCH group. PC12 cells were treated with atRA (20 μmol/L) for 12 hours to establish cell damage model in model group, and treated with SCH (2.5 μmol/L) for 24 hours in SCH group. Fetuses were identified NTDs by stereoscopic microscopy. HE staining was used to observe the closure of the neural tube. The expression levels of p-PI3K, Akt and p-Akt molecules in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were detected by Western Blotting. Results Compared with control group, the incidence of NTDs was significantly increased in mice of model group (P<0.01); compared with model group, the incidence of NTDs was decreased in folic acid group and SCH group (P<0.01); compared with folic acid group, SCH group had a lower incidence of NTDs (P<0.01). Western Blotting results showed that compared with control group, the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein in fetal tissues of model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05); compared with model group, there was no significant difference in expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt in fetal tissues of folic acid group (P>0.05), while the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein in SCH group was significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared with control group, PC12 cells in model group showed lower expression levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt (P<0.05); compared with model group, PC12 cells in SCH group showed higher expression levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt (P<0.05). Conclusions SCH can reduce the incidence of atRA-induced NTDs in fetal mice, and its preventive effect is better than folic acid, which may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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