Organoids are cell mini-clusters and three-dimensional (3D) micro-organs cultured and spontaneously developed under suspension culture condition in vitro, possessing the abilities of self-organize and differentiate into functional cells. They are powerful, and can partially mimic the cellular heterogeneity, structure and function of the original tissues or organs. Lung organoids (LOs) can be cultured and constructed from human pluripotent stem cells or adult stem/progenitor cells. Co-culture of LOs with immune cells can better reflect the overall picture of the immune response of lung tissue and the full spectrum of infection in vivo. This review compares characteristics of LOs with those common models for respiratory infectious diseases, including animal models, two-dimensional cell culture, lung-on-chip and precision-cut lung slices. We provide an overview of the construction method of LOs and their application progress on respiratory system infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycobacteria, cryptosporidium, and other pathogens.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |