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Objective To investigate the causal relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Genetic data for OSA were obtained from the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of FinnGen Biobank, including 16 761 cases and 201 194 controls, from which 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened as instrumental variables (IVs) for OSA. Genetic data for hypertension were obtained from GWAS of UK Biobank, including 124 227 cases and 337 653 controls from which 214 SNPs were selected as IVs for hypertension. Multiple MR methods, mainly Inverse variance weighted (IVW), were used for analysis. Sensitivity analysis of MR results was performed using MR-Egger regression et al, and IVs were evaluated using F values. Results OSA was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR=1.053, 95%CI 1.019-1.089, P<0.01), and hypertension was significantly associated with the risk of developing OSA (OR=1.812, 95%CI 1.354-2.425, P<0.001). Heterogeneity was observed in both two-way outcomes (OSA→ hypertension, P<0.001; hypertension→ OSA, P<0.001), but no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was detected (OSA→ hypertension, P=0.666; hypertension→ OSA, P=0.556). The IVs selected in this study were strong instrumental variables for both OSA and hypertension (OSA-IVs F=14.695; hypertension-IVs F=39.624). Conclusions Our findings indicate a bidirectional causal relationship between OSA and hypertension, with a particularly significant effect of hypertension on the development of OSA.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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