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Objective To explore the effects of different side tension pneumothorax on hemodynamics in pigs, providing data support for the optimization of on-site first-aid procedures for pneumothorax. Methods Twelve Bama pigs were randomly divided into left-sided tension pneumothorax group and right-sided tension pneumothorax group (6 in each group). During the occurrence of pneumothorax and as the pleural pressure gradually increases by 1 mmHg increments, the key indicators were collected using pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PICCO) technology: hemodynamic indicators [global ejection fraction (GEF), cardiac output (CO), global end-diastolic volume (GEDV), intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV), stroke volume (SV), mean arterial pressure (MAP)], basic vital signs [heart rate (HR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP)], and arterial blood gas parameters [partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)]. Mediastinal localization was subsequently performed using radiographs. Differences were investigated through comparison between the two groups and within each group before and after the procedure. Results By comparing the hemodynamic changes and X-ray examination results, twelve Bama pigs tension pneumothorax models were successfully constructed. Hemodynamic analysis showed that in left-sided tension pneumothorax model when the pleural pressure reached 8 mmHg, SBP, DBP, MAP, CO, GEF, SV, GEDV and ITBV were significantly lower than those during the occurrence of ipsilateral pneumothorax (P<0.05). In right-sided tension pneumothorax model, when the pleural pressure reached about 3 mmHg, SBP, DBP, MAP, SV, GEDV, and ITBV were significantly lower than those during the occurrence of ipsilateral pneumothorax (P<0.05). Blood gas analysis showed that at 8 mmHg for left-sided and 3 mmHg for right-sided tension pneumothorax, compared with the occurrence of their respective ipsilateral pneumothorax, PO2 was significantly lower (P<0.05) and PCO2 was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusions There are different effects on hemodynamics in different side tension pneumothorax. Compared with left tension pneumothorax, right tension pneumothorax can lead to serious consequences under a smaller pleural pressure. Different side tension pneumothorax models can be constructed according to the actual situation when performing pneumothorax related experiments.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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