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Objective To compare the fidelity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) models established using two methods: exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) and exposure to motor vehicle exhaust (MVE) in rats. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into control, CS-exposed (CS), and MVE-exposed (MVE) groups, with 8 rats per group. Rats in CS and MVE groups were exposed to CS or MVE, respectively, to induce COPD models. After COPD model established, lung function of each group was assessed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to measure inflammatory cell counts, levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, and expression levels of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC). Lung tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe pulmonary tissue and airway pathological changes. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was used to detect goblet cell hyperplasia in airways. Results Compared with control group, rats in CS and MVE groups showed significantly increased inspiratory resistance (RI), total lung capacity (TLC), and lung static compliance (Cchord) (P<0.05), while expiratory flow parameters FEV50/FVC were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with MVE group, rats in CS group had significantly higher RI, TLC, and Cchord (P<0.05), and lower FEV50/FVC (P<0.05). HE staining of lung tissues showed that mean linear intercept (MLI) was significantly higher in both CS and MVE groups compared with control group (P<0.05), with CS group having higher MLI than MVE group (P<0.05). BALF analysis revealed that white blood cells, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in both CS and MVE groups compared with control group (P<0.05), and inflammatory cell counts, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were higher in CS group compared with MVE group(P<0.05). PAS staining of lung tissues indicated that goblet cells in large airways were significantly increased in both CS and MVE groups compared with control group (P<0.05), with CS group showing higher goblet cell counts than MVE group (P<0.05). Expression levels of MUC5AC in BALF were significantly higher in both CS and MVE groups compared with control group (P<0.05), with CS group having significantly higher MUC5AC levels than MVE group (P<0.05). Conclusions Exposure to CS or MVE can establish a rat model of COPD, with CS exposure better mimicking characteristics of acute exacerbation of COPD compared to MVE exposure.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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